Binary decision

A binary decision is a choice between two alternatives, for instance between taking some specific action or not taking it.

Binary decisions are basic to many fields. Examples include:
 * Truth values in mathematical logic, and the corresponding Boolean data type in computer science, representing a value which may be chosen to be either true or false.
 * Conditional statements (if-then or if-then-else) in computer science, binary decisions about which piece of code to execute next.
 * Decision trees and binary decision diagrams, representations for sequences of binary decisions.
 * Binary choice, a statistical model for the outcome of a binary decision.

Binary decision diagrams
A binary decision diagram (BDD) is a way to visually represent a boolean function. One application of BDDs is in CAD software and digital circuit analysis where they are an efficient way to represent and manipulate boolean functions.

The value of a boolean function can be determined by following a path in its BDD down to a terminal, making a binary decision at each node where a solid line is followed if the value of the variable at the node is true and a dotted line if it is false. A BDD is said to be 'ordered' if the order of the variables tested is fixed. A BDD is said to be 'reduced' if the two following conditions are true: BDDs that are ordered and reduced can be called Reduced Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (ROBDD). An example of a ROBDD is the figure to the right, which represents the function $$f(x_1,x_2,x_3)=\bar{x}_1\bar{x}_2\bar{x}_3+x_1x_2+x_2x_3$$. The order of the variables along any path is always $$x_1$$, $$x_2$$, then $$x_3$$, all nodes have distinct successors, and there are no two nodes of the same variable and the same successors.
 * Each successor of each node is distinct.
 * There are no two distinct nodes of the same variable with the same successors.

Conditional statements
In computer science, conditional statements are used to make binary decisions. A program can perform different computations or actions depending on whether a certain boolean value evaluates to true or false.

The if-then-else construct is a control flow statement which runs one of two code blocks depending on the value of a boolean expression, and its structure looks like this: if condition then code block 1 else code block 2 end The conditional expression is, and if it is true, then   is executed, otherwise   is executed. It is also possible to combine multiple conditions with the else-if construct: if condition 1 then code block 1 else if condition 2 then code block 2 else code block 3 end This can be represented by the flow diagram on the right. If one condition is found to be true, then the rest are skipped, so only one of the three code blocks above can be executed.

A while loop is a control flow statement which executes a code block repeatedly until its boolean expression becomes false, making a decision on whether to continue repeating before each loop. This is similar to the if-then construct, but it can executing a code block multiple times.